Apr 13, 2021
The effects of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution were felt in both Spain and Portugal in the Old World and South America in the New. Monsignor Ignacio Barreiro discusses how these effects continued throughout the nineteenth century.
Apr 13, 2021
Nineteenth century struggles in Iberia and South America involved persecution of the Church, expropriations of her property, and thorough-going secularization of political and social life. Masonic movements were very active. Monsignor Ignacio Barreiro shows, however, that stiff resistance, often involving civil war, was...